Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs.

Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs.

This book is the result of twenty years of puzzle collecting. For these many years I have endeavored to gather everything belonging to the realm of mathematical entertainment from all available sources. As an editor of newspaper columns on scientific entertainment, I found my readers keenly interested in this kind of pastime, and these readers proved to be among my best sources for all sorts of problems, both elementary and intricate. Puzzles seem to have beguiled men in every civilization, and the staples of scientific entertainment are certain historic problems which have perplexed and diverted men for centuries. Besides a number of these, this book contains many problems never before published. Indeed, the majority of the problems have been devised by me or have been developed out of suggestions from readers or friends. This book represents only a relatively small selection from an inexhaustible reservoir of material. Its purpose is to satisfy not only mathematically educated and gifted readers but also those who are on less good terms with mathematics but consider cudgeling their brains a useful pastime. Many puzzles are therefore included, especially in the first chapters, which do not require even a pencil for their solution, let alone algebraic formulas. The majority of the problems chosen, however, will appeal to the puzzle lover who has not yet forgotten the elements of arithmetic he learned in high school. And finally, those who really enjoy the beauties of mathematics will find plenty of problems to rack their brains and test their knowledge and ingenuity in such chapters as, for example, "Whimsical Numbers" and "Playing with Squares" The puzzles in this book are classified into groups so that the reader with pronounced tastes may easily find his meat.

Th is third edition of Cambridge International AS and A Level Economics has been specifi cally produced for the Cambridge International Examinations 9708 syllabus for examination from 2016. Th e text is divided into two clearly identifi ed sections, Chapters 1 to 5 cover the AS Level content that is examined in Paper 1 and Paper 2; Chapters 6 to 10 cover the additional A Level content examined in Paper 3 and Paper 4. Also, there is an Introduction that contains a breakdown of the skills you will need for the successful study of the Cambridge syllabus and a fi nal chapter that gives valuable guidance on how to use your skills to the best of your abilities in examination. Th e key features of the book are stated in the Introduction. Th is third edition contains up-to-date statistics and many new self-assessment tasks. Where possible and appropriate, these and the text are specifi cally set within the geographical context of where students are studying the Cambridge syllabus. Th ere is therefore a strong Asian focus, as well as reference to the other developing economies. Th e book is accompanied with an extensive Student CD, which has been produced by the authors. Th is contains substantial information for students including: ■ example examination questions and answers drawn from each chapter Preface ■ worksheets with answers to assist students on completion of each chapter ■ additional advice on how to revise ■ a glossary of key terms. Although the book has been specifi cally written for the Cambridge 9708 syllabus, it will be of value to students and teachers of any AS or A Level courses, as well as the IB. It will particularly appeal to international students, as well as UK students seeking contextual knowledge of developing economies. Finally, we would like to record some thanks. First, to the teachers and students who have sent us comments (invariably complimentary) on the second edition. Secondly, to the various Cambridge University Press staff , especially Elizabeth Walne, for their comments on the text and the student CD. Finally, to our students in Oxfordshire and West Yorkshire, who from time to time have provided an opportunity for us to try out new ideas on how to make studying economics a rewarding experience. We hope you find the book and CD useful and that they help you achieve success in your Cambridge Economics course.

The ‘Unlocking the Law’ series on its creation was hailed as an entirely new style of undergraduate law textbooks and many of its ground-breaking features have subsequently been emulated in other publications. However, many student texts are still very prose dense and have little in the way of interactive materials to help a student feel his or her way through the course of study on a given module. The purpose of the series has always been to try to make learning each subject area more accessible by focusing on actual learning needs, and by providing a range of different supporting materials and features. All topic areas are broken up into manageable sections with a logical progression and extensive use of headings and numerous sub-headings as well as an extensive contents list and index. Each book in the series also contains a variety of fl ow charts, diagrams, key facts charts and summaries to reinforce the information in the body of the text. Diagrams and fl ow charts are particularly useful because they can provide a quick and easy understanding of the key points, especially when revising for examinations. Key facts charts not only provide a quick visual guide through the subject but are also useful for revision. Many cases are separated out for easy access and all cases have full citation in the text as well as the table of cases for easy reference. The emphasis of the series is on depth of understanding much more than breadth of detail. For this reason each text also includes key extracts from judgments where appropriate. Extracts from academic comment from journal articles and leading texts are also included to give some insight into the academic debate on complex or controversial areas. In both cases these are highlighted and removed from the body of the text. Finally the books also include much formative ‘self-testing’, with a variety of activities ranging through subject specifi c comprehension, application of the law and a range of other activities to help the student gain a good idea of his or her progress in the course. Appendices with guides on completing essay style questions and legal problem solving supplement and support this interactivity. Besides this a sample essay plan is added at the end of most chapters. A feature of the most recent editions is the inclusion of some case extracts from the actual law reports which not only provide more detail on some of the important cases but also help to support students in their use of law reports by providing a simple commentary and also activities to cement understanding. Contract law is actually a very relevant and useful area of law. We are all constantly forming different contractual relationships even though we might not think about them in that manner. An understanding of the basic rules of contract in any case is essential for a full understanding of other areas such as commercial law and employment law. Since Contract Law is also in the main a common law area much of this book is devoted to cases and case notes, and these are separated out in the text for easy reference. The book is designed to cover all of the main topic areas on undergraduate, degree-equivalent and professional contract syllabuses and help provide a full understanding of each.